Sanitary legislation governing Food Services in Brazil

The Technical Regulation of Good Practices for Brazilian Food Services (Regulamento Técnico de Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação do Brasil) can be complemented by sanitary surveillance agencies at the state, district and municipal levels by tailoring it to location-specific requirements. The purpose of the present study was to survey sanitary legislation governing Brazilian Food Services. During the period from November 2011 to November 2012, a survey was conducted with the sanitary surveillance agencies from the various states, capitals and the Federal District. A previously prepared and tested tool was used for data collection, comprising 10 questions. Only 10 (19.2%) of the sanitary codes had been established prior to RDC Resolution n° 216/2004 and were not complementary. Of the legislation cited as complementary, only the states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo and the capital of the state of São Paulo truly presented additional and location-specific aspects. No legislation that was specific to hospital kitchens was found. The majority of participating coordination, including the Evaluation List for Good Practices in Food Services, was also verified; however, it had not been published. In conclusion, a gap in sanitary surveillance services exists, which was caused by the lack of location-specific food service regulations.     

重庆市药物临床试验机构现状分析及地区性机构体系构建的思考

目的：重庆市具有丰富的医药产业底蕴和极佳的医疗资源，在我国药品注册审评制度改革紧密推进和重庆市大力发展生物医药产业的大背景下，本课题从对重庆市药物临床试验机构（以下简称机构）管理人员调研的角度入手，旨在明确重庆市机构建设现状与问题，探讨可行的创新发展对策。方法：本研究对我市20家有药物临床试验资质机构的54位管理人员问卷数据进行统计；并通过比对相应的公共数据，系统分析我市机构建设水平。结果：问卷分析显示，我市机构仍以传统GCP架构模式为主；以承担国内企业项目为主（90.00%），65.00%的机构近三年承接项目总数在40项以下；机构管理者多数从事机构相关工作的工作年限多在6年以内（79.59%），且仍有部分机构管理者未接受系统的培训；对公共数据调查分析显示，截至2019年5月底，我市机构总数目为22家，自2017年7月22日以来承接在Clinical Trails注册的在研项目数为81项，远低于机构工作开展较好的城市（北京：61家，433项；上海：53家，326项）。结论：重庆市机构建设水平亟待提高，应整合全市临床研究资源，构建区域化的药物临床试验机构体系，加速重庆市医药产业的创新发展。     

Stereolithographical fabrication of dense Si3N4 ceramics by slurry optimization and pressure sintering

Photocurable gray-colored Si₃N₄ ceramic slurry with high solid loading, suitable viscosity and high curing depth is critical to fabricate dense ceramic parts with complex shape and high surface precision by stereolithography technology. In the present study, Si₃N₄ ceramic slurry with suitable viscosity, high solid loading (45 vol %) and curing depth of 50 μm was prepared successfully when surface modifier KH560 (1 wt%) and dispersant Darvan (1 wt%) were used. The slurry exhibits the shear thinning behavior. Based on the Beer-Lambert formula, D_p (the attenuation length) and E_c (the critical energy dose) of Si₃N₄ ceramic slurry with solid loading of 45 vol % were derived as 0.032 mm and 0.177 mJ/mm², respectively. Si₃N₄ ceramic green parts with complex shape and high surface precision were successfully fabricated by stereolithography technology. After optimizing the debinding and sintering process for green parts, dense Si₃N₄ ceramics with 3.28 g/cm³ sintering density were fabricated. The microhardness and fracture toughness of as-sintered Si₃N₄ ceramics are ~14.63 GPa and ~5.82 MPa m^1/2, respectively, which are comparable to those of the samples by traditional dry-pressed and pressureless sintering technology. These results show that ceramic stereolithography technology could be promising to fabricate high performance ceramics, especially for gray-colored monolithic Si₃N₄ ceramics.     

GnRHa用于化疗后生育力保护的循证医学研究进展

随着肿瘤患者长期生存率提高,年轻肿瘤患者化疗后生育力保护的要求日益凸显。早期研究显示促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）具有一定的生育力保护作用,但近年来相关研究显示其保护作用存在争议。本文综述GnRHa用于常见肿瘤患者生育力保护的临床研究,挖掘其循证医学证据,以期为临床合理用药提供参考。     

间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的合成研究

间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐是农药和医药研究领域一个十分重要的原材料和中间体。间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的两步合成法是先以盐酸羟胺制备间甲基苯甲脒肟再通过加氢还原即可得到。在制备间甲基苯脒肟时，单因素考察了常规热反应、微波合成法、超声波合成法对间甲基苯脒肟产率的影响。并探索了一锅法合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的可行性。所得化合物由沸点、氢谱、质谱确认。实验结果表明：三种方式合成间甲基苯甲脒肟，其产率从大到小依次为：微波合成法>超声波合成法>常规热反应。本实验采用两步法合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的总产率为58.05%，采用一锅法合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐的产率为78.19%。两步法和一锅法均可用于合成间甲基苯甲脒盐酸盐。     

Fe3O4-nanoparticle-functionalized 3D-printed injectable microgel

Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have attached attention in bone tissue engineering because of their superior magnetism and great biocompatibility. However, some disadvantages such as the potential risk of agglomeration impair their applications. Here, we proposed a hybrid magnetic nanocomposite microgel by the integration of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and digital lighting processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The 3D-printed microgels could be precisely customized by printing the mixture of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) solution and polydopamine-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in which polydopamine decoration improved the hydrophilicity and distribution of the incorporated Fe₃O₄. The degradable microgels could be injected through a 22-G needle while retaining their original shape after injection. Interestingly, the addition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles into GelMA solution displayed improved printing accuracy. Moreover, these magnetic microgels were biocompatible in vitro and in vivo. After induction within osteogenic medium, addition of nanoparticles upregulated the osteogenic gene expression of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In a word, this work provides a magnetic microplatform, which shows great potential in bone tissue engineering.     

适配体结合量子点技术同时检测金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7方法

目的：基于适配体结合量子点技术,建立一种同时针对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7两种食源性致病菌快速高效、灵敏的检测方法。方法：利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术筛选出与目标菌结合特异性较好的2?种适配体;利用免疫磁珠与适配体偶联技术特异性捕获2?种目标菌;选取不同发光原理的2?种量子点,并结合量子点荧光标记技术构建“磁珠＋目标菌＋量子点”的“三明治结构”,通过对结构条件优化确定2?种目标菌的检出限,并应用到市售无菌牛乳实际样品中进行加标回收率实验。结果：本研究证明所选取的2?条适配体与目标菌的结合具有高特异性,可实现对2?种目标菌的同时检测。对“三明治结构”优化结果表明：2?种目标菌的最佳捕获条件为免疫捕获时间45?min、磁分离时间2?min;适配体最适浓度为400?nmol/L;金黄色葡萄球菌检出限为101?CFU/mL,线性方程为Y=28.51X＋126.67（R2=0.973）;大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7检出限均为102?CFU/mL,线性方程为Y=92.86X－64.67（R2=0.987）,其中,Y为荧光强度,X为细菌菌落数的对数值,拟合度良好。且在牛乳样品中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7回收率分别为94.6%～102.8%和93.4%～100.4%。结论：本研究所建立的方法能够实现同时对2?种食源性致病菌快速、高效检测,该方法易操作且灵敏度高,在食品加工生产安全检测方面具有良好的应用前景。